{"id":309,"date":"2025-11-01T03:15:40","date_gmt":"2025-11-01T03:15:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/project-entangled-ph.com\/iteration1\/?page_id=309"},"modified":"2026-08-08T12:47:47","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T12:47:47","slug":"article-4","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/project-entangled-ph.com\/iteration3\/article-4\/","title":{"rendered":"article 4"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"309\" class=\"elementor elementor-309\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b33078 dotted-background e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4b33078\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c80855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5c80855\" data-element_type=\"container\" 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tabindex=\"-1\">Contact<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b94f668 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b94f668\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa35270 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fa35270\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">LEARN<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2cab30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c2cab30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">ARTICLES<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f508e4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f508e4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddaafdf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ddaafdf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What Contributes to Enmeshment?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b469fbb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b469fbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Written By:<\/strong> Mary Angeline Flordeliza<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe6b8b3 e-con-full article4 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fe6b8b3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90a9bbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"90a9bbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"475\" src=\"https:\/\/project-entangled-ph.com\/iteration3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/article_cover4.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-905\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/project-entangled-ph.com\/iteration3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/article_cover4.png 842w, https:\/\/project-entangled-ph.com\/iteration3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/article_cover4-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/project-entangled-ph.com\/iteration3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/article_cover4-768x456.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d25414a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d25414a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5444ab6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5444ab6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>While there are many factors that may contribute to enmeshment, current existing studies do not establish one single cause of enmeshment. Rather, enmeshment appears to be influenced by multiple factors in family relationships and broader social contexts.<\/p><p>The list below draws from long standing clinical observations, self-reports, and retrospective analyses that build on different approaches to family therapy from the works of Minuchin, Garber, Bacon and Conway, and Bowen to find common themes that contribute and characterize enmeshment.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-064c3d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"064c3d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. Diffused Boundaries - \u201cKeep Quiet so You\u2019ll be Loved\u201d<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c446f72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c446f72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>While boundaries serve to protect one\u2019s wellbeing, they also function to distinguish your identity from others, allowing you to meet your specific needs and wants (Chernata, 2024; Minuchin, 1974). Hence, when family members are unable to have their own boundaries, they suppress a facet of their identity for the sake of maintaining the relationship, which can lead to enmeshment (Minuchin, 1974).<\/p><p>Garber (2021) states that these boundaries are breached out of necessity, most commonly driven by systemic pressures (i.e. poverty, being a part of marginalized communities, domestic violence) or pathology (i.e. chronic illness), which can lead to children and parents switching roles, and consequently adversely affecting a child&#8217;s development.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8bdba7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f8bdba7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. Emotional Fusion - \u201cSafety Means I have to Please You\u201d<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8363be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c8363be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>According to Bowen (1978), Emotional Fusion is a situation where two people overidentify with the other person. They may absorb the other\u2019s emotions, and blur one\u2019s sense of self with the other. He and Garber(2021) also observed that in dysfunctional families, parents may project unresolved emotional issues to their children due to a lack of differentiated identity, parental anxiety, family or marital conflict.<\/p><p>Children may also be punished for deviating from their parents\u2019 own identity or values which then creates the message that \u201cI need to read my parents\u2019 mood so I can feel accepted\u201d (Bowen 1978; Garber, 2021). As such, instead of the child or the parent developing the ability to recognize and regulate one\u2019s own psychological needs, this may unequally put pressure on the child to fuse with the parents\u2019 emotions in order to feel safe and secure. Thus, their identities become even more entangled.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2491dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d2491dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. Unresolved Trauma - \u201cI Need You to Need Me\u201d<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d805ed8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d805ed8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Unresolved trauma can refer to the child\u2019s trauma or parent\u2019s trauma in this scenario. As stated before, Garber(2021), Bowen(1978) and Minuchin (1974) observed that enmeshed parent-child relationships inhibit self-regulation, autonomy, and individuation.<\/p><p>Children may grow up feeling responsible for meeting their parents\u2019 psychological or emotional needs in order to maintain safety and stability within the family. At the same time, parents who have experienced unresolved trauma or ongoing psychological distress may become emotionally dependent on their children or project their own psychological needs onto them (Chummun, 2025; Garber, 2021). These patterns may reinforce emotional fusion and diffuse boundaries over time, particularly when family members become heavily dependent on one another for emotional regulation.<\/p><p><strong>Some examples of traumatic situations include (but not limited to):<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Physical or Emotional Abuse<\/li><li>Domestic Violence<\/li><li>Systemic Injustice<\/li><li>Poverty<\/li><li>Loss of a loved one<\/li><li>Marital or Family Conflict<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e16b8ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e16b8ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><strong>Note<\/strong>: These examples were based on the clinical studies of Chummun (2025) and Garber (2021) where early experiences of trauma can lead to blurred boundaries and emotional fusion.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8705cad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8705cad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Additionally, it is important to note that <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">not all difficult or stressful experiences automatically result in trauma.<\/span><\/strong> Experiences such as poverty, bereavement, family conflict, and chronic stress may be considered adverse or potentially traumatic experiences depending on the individual\u2019s circumstances, the severity and duration of the experience, and how the person responds to it.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d425e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1d425e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4. Intergenerational Transmission - \u201cThis was All I knew\u201d<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84eaf48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"84eaf48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBowen (1978) stated that the practice of emotional fusion can be passed on from generations, which normalizes behaviors that inhibit individuation for the sake of family harmony. For example, a recent study (grounded in Bowen\u2019s family systems theory) looks at how emotional problems are passed onto three generations of 348 Lithuanian parents. They found that parents who grew up in dysfunctional families, especially those who practiced triangulation, were more likely to struggle with emotional regulation, low self-differentiation (or individuation), and their spouse or child relationships (\u010cepukien\u0117 and Neophytou, 2024).\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48490b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48490b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">So, What Can I Do?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b71437a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b71437a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>While several factors may contribute to enmeshment, family members can also seek interventions to understand and change these patterns. These may include family or individual therapy, psychoeducation, and other forms of professional support that encourage healthy boundaries, emotional regulation, autonomy, and differentiation.<br \/>Families may also benefit from community, government, or non-government programs that promote mental health education and access to health care. Recognizing patterns of emotional fusion and blurred boundaries is an important first step toward developing healthier and more balanced relationships.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0475266 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0475266\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-baf534f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"baf534f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">REFERENCES AND READINGS<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34b7091 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"34b7091\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bowen, M. (1978). Family Theory in Clinical Practice, A Jason Aronson Book.<\/p><p>Calatrava, M., Martins, M. V., Schweer-Collins, M., Duch-Ceballos, C., &amp; Rodr\u00edguez-Gonz\u00e1lez, M. (2022). Differentiation of self: A scoping review of Bowen Family Systems Theory&#8217;s core construct. Clinical psychology review, 91, 102101. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102101\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102101<\/a><\/p><p>\u010cepukien\u0117, V., &amp; Neophytou, K. (2024). Intergenerational transmission of familial relational dysfunction: A test of a complex mediation model based on Bowen family systems theory. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 41(11), 3385-3408. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02654075241265472\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02654075241265472<\/a><\/p><p>Chernata, T. (2024). Personal boundaries: definition, role, and impact on mental health. Personality and Environmental Issues, 3(1), 24\u201330. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31652\/2786-6033-2024-3(1)-24-30\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31652\/2786-6033-2024-3(1)-24-30<\/a><\/p><p>Garber, B.D. (2021). The Dynamics of the Enmeshed Family System Ten Years Later: Family Court and Contemporary Understanding of Adultification, Parentification, and Infantilization. Journal of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers. 34, 97-120. <a href=\"https:\/\/familylawconsulting.org\/publications\/Enmeshment%202021%20update.pdf\">https:\/\/familylawconsulting.org\/publications\/Enmeshment%202021%20update.pdf<\/a><\/p><p>Love, P., &amp; Robinson, J. (1991). The Emotional Incest Syndrome What to do When a Parent\u2019s Love Rules Your Life. P.10-15. Bantam Books. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vlebooks.com\/vleweb\/product\/openreader?id=none&amp;isbn=9780307799180\">http:\/\/www.vlebooks.com\/vleweb\/product\/openreader?id=none&amp;isbn=9780307799180<\/a><\/p><p>Minuchin, S. (1974). Families and family therapy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.<\/p><p>Minuchin, S., &amp; Fishman, H. C. (1981). Family therapy techniques. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>LEARN ARTICLES What Contributes to Enmeshment? Written By: Mary Angeline Flordeliza While there are many factors that may contribute to enmeshment, current existing studies do not establish one single cause of enmeshment. Rather, enmeshment appears to be influenced by multiple factors in family relationships and broader social contexts. The list below draws from long standing [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-309","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/project-entangled-ph.com\/iteration3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/project-entangled-ph.com\/iteration3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/project-entangled-ph.com\/iteration3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/project-entangled-ph.com\/iteration3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/project-entangled-ph.com\/iteration3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=309"}],"version-history":[{"count":67,"href":"https:\/\/project-entangled-ph.com\/iteration3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/309\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7655,"href":"https:\/\/project-entangled-ph.com\/iteration3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/309\/revisions\/7655"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/project-entangled-ph.com\/iteration3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}